Multiplexed Simultaneous Metal Measurements Using Janus Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices in Particulate Matter
Toxicity from trace metals in airborne particulate matter (PM) causes harmful effects to human health. Simultaneous determination of toxic metals in PM challenges low-cost, portable, and simple tools for reducing sample size and analysis cost and time. Here, the Janus electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) for simultaneous detection of multiplexed toxic metals in airborne particulate matter (PM) are presented. Online sample pretreatment with optimum working reagents was performed during sample delivery to an electrochemical detection zone. The design allows the device to concurrently conduct square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) and square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) for detecting up to five toxic metals including Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Ni. The proposed sensors reached LODs down to 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0 μg/L, for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), and Ni(II), respectively. The wide linear working ranges of 0.5-400.0 μg/L for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Fe(II), 1.0-400.0 μg/L for Cu(II), and 0.5-200.0 μg/L for Ni(II) were obtained. The devices were applied for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), and Ni(II) detections in aerosol samples and the results statistically agreed with those using the ICP-MS at 95% confidence.
Finally, we would like to thank all collaborations and financial supports. We hope to meet you and discuss the research ideas in the next meeting.
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