Low-cost analytical devices for metals analysis of particulate matter
" Particulate matter (PM) has been classed as group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Metals in PM including Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, and Ni affect human health ranging from allergies to chronic diseases. Cost and physical burden of conventional equipment are the major constrain for metal analysis of PM. Existing low-cost microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (mPADs) using colorimetry are not sensitive enough to detect trace amount of metals in PM. Here, inexpensive, sensitive, portable electrochemical analytical devices were developed to determine Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, and Ni in PM. Electrospraying silver nanoparticles modified low-cost carbon stencil-printed electrodes (CSPE) were proposed to achieve limits of detection (LODs) down to 5.0, 0.5, and 0.1μg L-1 for Zn, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Bi/Nafion modified CSPEs were additionally suggested for Co and Ni detections that provided LODs of 1 and 5 μg L-1, respectively. Aside from electrochemical analytical devices, electrophoretic laminated-Parafilm mPADs were developed to ultimately use for separating and analyzing complicated samples such as PM. Colorimetric separation of chlorophenol red and indigo carmine, and fluorescent separation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and FITC labelling glutamic acid were carried out to demonstrate device viability.”
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